0XYGEN THERAPY

OXYGEN
THERAPY
By: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 1

Oxygen Therapy
Definition:
• Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is
essential for the body to function properly and to
survive.
• Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a
concentration of pressure greater than that found in
the environmental atmosphere
• The air that we breathe contain approximately 21%
oxygen.
• Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.

Purpose
The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation
levels are too low due to illness or injury.
To manage the condition of hypoxia
To maintain the oxygen tension in blood plasma
To increase the oxy hemoglobin in red blood cells
To maintain the ability of cells to carry the normal metabolic function
To reduce the risk of complications.

INDICATIONS:
Acute respiratory failure
Disease such as pulmonary edema, pneumonia and chest trauma etc
Acute myocardial infarction
Cardiac Failure
Shock
Hypermetabolic state induced by trauma, Burns or sepsis.
Anaemia
Cyanide Poisoning
Cyanosis
During CPR
During Anaesthesia for Surgery
Hemorrhage
Asphyxia

Sources of oxygen:
1. Oxygen cylinder.

2- Wall – outlet oxygen:

Methods of oxygen
administration

Oxygen Delivery Systems:
Nasal Cannula
Simple Mask
Partial Re-Breather Mask
Non-Re Breather Mask (NRBM)
Venturi Mask
Oxygen Hood
Oxygen Tent
AMBU Bag
Tracheostomy Collar,
T-piece

Methods of oxygen administration:
• Nasal cannula (prongs):
 It is a disposable, plastic devise
with two protruding prongs for
insertion into the nostrils,
connected to an oxygen source.
 Used for low-medium
concentrations of Oxygen
(24-44%).

Nasal cannula (prongs):
Disadvantages:
• Unable to use with nasal
obstruction
• Drying to mucous
membranes, so flow
greater than 4 L/min
needs to be humidified
• Causes skin irritation or
breakdown over ears or at
nares
• Not good for mouth breathers
• Patient’s breathing pattern
affects exact FIO2
Advantages
Client able to talk and eat with oxygen in
place
Easily used in home setting
Safe and simple
Easily tolerated
Delivers low concentrations

The simple Oxygen mask
Simple mask is made of clear, flexible , plastic or rubber that can be
molded to fit the face.
By this method, clients nose and mouth will be covered by oxygen
mask.
The flow of oxygen : young children - 2-3 lit/min, infants - 1-2 lit/min
It delivers 35% to 60% oxygen .
A flow rate commonly of 6 to 10 liters per minute.

The simple Oxygen mask
Disadvantages:
Tight seal required to
deliver higher concentration
Difficult to keep mask in
position over nose and mouth
Potential for skin breakdown
(pressure, moisture)
 Uncomfortable for pt while eating or
talking
 Expensive with nasal tube
Advantages:
Can provide increased
delivery of oxygen for
short period of time

The Partial Re Breather Mask:
The mask is with a reservoir bag that must remain inflated during
both inspiration & expiration
• It collects the part of the patients' exhaled air.
It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
The oxygen flow rate must be maintained at a minimum of 6 L/min
to ensure that the patient does not re-breathe large amounts of
exhaled air.
The remaining exhaled air exits through vents.

The Partial Re Breather Mask:
Advantages
• Client can inhale room air
through openings in mask
if oxygens supply is briefly
interrupted
Disadvantages
Requires tight seal (eating
and talking difficult,
uncomfortable) BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 14

The Non Re- Breather Mask
This mask provides the highest concentration of oxygen (95-100%)
at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
It is similar to the partial re-breather mask except two one-way
valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
The bag has an oxygen reservoir
When the patient exhales air the one-way valve closes and all of the
expired air is deposited into the atmosphere, not the reservoir bag.
In this way, the patient is not re-breathing any of the expired gas

…..The Non Re- Breather Mask
Disadvantages
Impractical for long
term Therapy
Malfunction can
cause CO2 buildup
suffocation
Expensive
Uncomfortable
Advantages
Delivers the highest
possible oxygen
concentration
Suitable for pt breathing
spontaneous with sever
hypoxemia

Venturi Mask
 It is high flow oxygen delivery device.
 Oxygen from 40 - 50% At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
 The mask is constructed so that there is a constant flow of room air blended
with a fixed concentration of oxygen
Advantages
• Delivers most precise oxygen concentration
• Doesn’t dry mucous membranes
• Disadvantages
 uncomfortable
 Risk for skin irritation
Produce respiratory depression in COPD patient with high oxygen concentration
50%

………Venturi Mask

Oxygen Hood
• An oxygen hood is used for
babies who can breathe on
their own but still need extra
oxygen.
• A hood is a plastic dome or box
with warm, moist oxygen
inside.
• The hood is placed over the
baby's head

………Oxygen Tent
• An oxygen tent consists of a canopy
placed over the head and shoulders, or
over the entire body of a patient to
provide oxygen at a higher level than
normal.
• Typically the tent is made of see-through
plastic material.
• It can envelop the patient’s bed with the end
sections held in place by a mattress to ensure
that the tent is airtight.
• The enclosure often has a side opening with a
zipper. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 20

AMBU BAG
• AMBU- Artificial Manual Breathing Unit (or)
Bag Valve Mask Ventilation is a hand-held device commonly used to
provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not
breathing or not breathing adequately.

Tracheostomy Collar/ Mask
 Inserted directed into trachea
 Is indicated for chronic O2
therapy need
 O2 flow rate 8 to 10L
 Provides accurate FIO2
 Provides good humidity.
 Comfortable ,more efficient

T-PIECE
Used on end of ET tube when weaning from
ventilator
Provides accurate FIO2
Provides good humidity

Complications of Oxygen Administration
Infection
Dryness of mucous membrane of respiratory tract.
Combustion (fire)
Oxygen toxicity
Atelectasis
Oxygen induced apnea
Asphyxia
Retrolental fibroplasia.

0XYGEN THERAPY

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0XYGEN THERAPY