MEDIArefers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages and other dataCULTUREcan be defines as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generationGlobalization entails the spread of various cultures
Globalization also involves the spread of ideas
Globalization relies on media as its main conduit for the spread of global culture and ideas
The document discusses agrarian reform and land reform, and describes the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) established under Republic Act 6657 to address flaws in previous land reform programs by comprehensively covering all agricultural lands and recognizing landless farmers and workers as program beneficiaries. It also outlines the major features of CARP, including land distribution, support services for beneficiaries, and adjudication of agrarian disputes, as well as how the Department of Agrarian Reform Program (DAR) provides legal assistance and adjudicates cases to help farmer beneficiaries under the program.
Readings in the Philippine History: What Happened in the Cavite Mutiny?KyleHydenManalo
1872 is a historic year of two events. First is the Cavite Mutiny which is a major factor in the awakening of nationalism among the Filipinos. The second one one is the martyrdom of the three priests namely Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora.
Source: Rex Bookstore, Readings in Philippine History
Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings TeacherRichster
This presentation discusses Communication in Multicultural set-up considering not only cultural differences, social backgrounds, biographical diverseness of every individual; but also factors that could help everyone in an intercultural communication setting.
This document summarizes key topics related to the globalization of media and religion. It discusses theories of cultural imperialism and debates around the globalization of media. It also examines perspectives on how globalization leads to both the homogenization and hybridization of culture through interactions between global and local forces. Media are seen as both spreading Western influence globally but also enabling new hybrid cultural forms to emerge through complex local adaptations to global flows. Religion is discussed as both a transnational institution and as adapting in diverse ways to globalizing influences.
Chapter 17: The First Philippine Republic and the Filipino-American WarJamaica Olazo
CHAPTER 17: THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
AND THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
– was the first independent republic in in Asia by Asians.
- It was born during a war for independence.
- Lived only for two years because the Filipinos lost the war against the United States. (From January 23,1899 to March 23, 1901).
- Ended on the day when Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans.
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
85 Filipinos – met in a revolutionary congress at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan starting September 15, 1898. They were the most intelligent men in the country.
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno – the president of the Malolos Congress.
Malolos Congress – approved the independence of the Philippines. It also started the making of a new constitution for the Philippines.
Constitution – the basic law of the government.
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
January 23,1899 – the first Philippine Republic was inaugurated at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan. It was a solemn and happy time.
Women – wore long, beautiful ternos.
Men – dressed in top hats, white gloves, and black coat tails.
Emilio Aguinaldo – was sworn in as president of the First Republic at the church altar. “Great is the day, glorious this date, and forever memorable this moment in which our beloved people are raised to the joy of independence.”
El Heraldo de la Revolution – the official newspaper of the government.
La Independencia – an independent newspaper ran by General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.
Felipe Agoncillo – the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris and Washington to work for recognition of Philippine Independence.
Other diplomats in Japan, France, England and Australia.
THE AMERICANS STARTED THE WAR
Americans wanted the Philippines to become a colony of the United States.
Strategy: Americans pretended that the Filipinos had brutally attacked them.
February 4, 1899 – at 8pm, an American sharpshooter, Private Robert W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers, shot and killed a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan Bridge.
February 6, 1899 – the American Senate passed the Treaty of Paris, making the Philippines a colony of the United States. It was approved by only one vote majority.
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
- Filipinos fought a war of independence again. This time, against the Americans, their former allies. It was the second fight for independence by the Filipinos.
February 5, 1899 – the American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila.
March 31, 1899 – the Americans captured Malolos, which was then the Capital of the First Philippine Republic.
November 27, 1898 – Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the “Republic of Negros”.
December 19, 1899 – the famous hero of the American Civil War, General Henry C. Lawton was killed by the Filipino troops during the Battle in San Mateo, Rizal.
Tourism planning and development (Introduction)Mike Joseph
The document discusses tourism planning and development. It explains that tourism planning involves coordinating with government agencies and private sector businesses to improve tourism infrastructure and ensure travelers' needs are met. Effective planning provides resources for tourists while allowing destinations and businesses to enhance their tourism offerings. However, a lack of planning can lead to an unorganized industry with decreased profits as planning helps destinations appeal to markets and maximize opportunities.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been introduced to increase crop yields and incorporate desirable traits. While GMOs may boost agricultural efficiency and nutrition, there are also environmental and health risks that require further study. The document discusses the process of genetic engineering and provides examples of GMO applications in food/crops, non-food crops, and microorganisms. It also outlines benefits like higher yields but warns of potential issues such as herbicide-resistant weeds and unknown long term human and environmental impacts. The role of GMOs in the Philippines is described along with the regulatory history and debate between supporters and opponents.
This document discusses a book by Alfred McCoy called "Political Caricature of the American Era" which compiles 377 political cartoons from the Philippines between 1900-1941. The cartoons satirized the transition from Spanish to American rule and captured changing attitudes in Philippine society. They provide insight into how Filipinos viewed issues of the time. The presentation analyzes the cartoons' content and style, identifies their historical importance, and examines what they reveal about the period. It emphasizes that including art in history lessons engages students and reflects public opinions and perspectives.
Globalization is a process of increasing integration and interaction between people, companies, and governments around the world. It is driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process affects many aspects of society including economics, politics, culture, and the environment. Some key aspects of globalization include the liberalization and integration of markets on a global scale, as well as the blending of cultures through increased travel, trade, and information sharing across borders.
This document discusses different types of tourists and trends in tourism. It describes four types of tourist roles: organized mass tourists who follow fixed package tours; individual mass tourists who arrange their own itineraries through travel agencies; explorers who independently arrange accommodations while interacting with local people; and drifters who fully immerse themselves in local lifestyles. The document also covers how socioeconomic factors like age, income, and education influence travel preferences and the rise of new travel patterns like travel clubs and special interest tours.
Mga Gunita ng HimagsikanTrue Version of the Philippine Revolution (1).pdfAira Rara
MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN
CONTAINS
*BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
*HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
*ABOUT THE TEXT
*CONTENT PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANT
HISTORICAL INFORMATION FOUND
IN THE DOCUMENT
*CONTRIBUTION AND RELEVANCE OFTHE DOCUMENT IN
UNDERSTANDING OF GRAND
NARRATIVE OF PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
*REFERENCES
This document discusses global demography, including the definition of demography as the study of human populations and how they change based on environmental, geographic, and climatic factors. It notes that as of February 2020, the world population was approximately 7.8 billion people. Demographers study populations to determine their current size and composition and predict future changes based on factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.
This document discusses the psychology of travel, including motivations for travel such as escape, relaxation, and status. It outlines four basic travel motivators including physical, cultural, interpersonal, and status motivators. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is also discussed in relation to travel motivations. The document then covers topics such as the role of tourism in economic development, classifications of travelers, and the social nature and effects of travel.
Brief history of science, and technologyLeizel Despi
Modern humans first arrived in the Philippines around 48,000 BC, settling in various regions and developing simple stone tools. By around 3,000 BC, Filipinos were producing pottery, adzes, and ornaments and entered the Iron Age between the 3rd century BC and 11th century AD, learning iron smelting. They established trade networks with China and Vietnam by the 10th century AD. Under Spanish rule from the 16th century, schools and hospitals were developed and the Royal Economic Society encouraged agriculture and industry. Higher education was limited but the University of Santo Tomas offered medicine and pharmacy degrees in the 19th century. Meteorological studies were also promoted during this time.
This chapter tackles about the historical milestones of the tourism industry. It also discusses the important historical events in the development of tourism in the Philippines.
This document discusses external and internal criticisms used to evaluate documents. External criticism examines the document's authenticity by analyzing authorship, context, and relationship to other sources. Internal criticism evaluates the content's meaning, reliability, and consistency. Experiments with people require consideration of variables and use parallel, rotating, or one-group methods. Sources of error include instrumentation, materials, experimenter bias, and subject selection. The document provides guidance on critically analyzing documents and designing valid experiments with human subjects.
This document discusses various perspectives on the study of religion from an objective point of view. It defines religion as a system of socially shared symbols, beliefs, and rituals directed toward a sacred realm. It also classifies different types of religious beliefs such as polytheism, monotheism, animism, and discusses social organizations of religion including ecclesia, denominations, sects, and new religious movements. The document also discusses functionalist and conflict perspectives on the relationship between religion and society, highlighting the views of Marx, Weber, and Stark.
The document provides details about American colonial policy and government in the Philippines from 1898 to 1935. Some key points:
1. American colonial policy said they would grant independence when Filipinos were ready, unlike other colonial powers who wanted to rule indefinitely.
2. Under civilian and military governments, Americans shared some power with Filipinos and adopted a more generous approach than other colonizers.
3. Filipinos resisted through theater, literature, peasant revolts and the Communist Party while also pursuing independence through the establishment of the Commonwealth in 1935.
The document discusses how media has driven global integration and the dynamic between local and global cultural production. It analyzes how various media, from oral communication to modern digital media, have contributed to globalization over time by allowing increased cultural exchange. While global media allows cultural products to spread worldwide, local cultures have adapted to global influences in unique ways, resulting in hybrid cultural forms that exhibit both local and global aspects. The relationship between local and global is an ongoing process influenced by factors like collaboration, competition, and cultural mixing.
The document discusses how media has driven global integration and the dynamic between local and global cultural production. It analyzes how various media, such as television, internet and computers, have significantly influenced globalization by allowing the spread of information worldwide. The document also explains the five stages of media development from oral communication to digital media, and how each stage has helped globalization occur. It explores how local cultures have both collaborated with and competed against global cultural products that spread through media channels.
The document discusses global media cultures and the relationship between media, culture, and globalization. It outlines five stages of media development from oral communication to digital media that have influenced globalization. Media plays a key role in shaping global processes by allowing for the spread of economic, political, and cultural aspects around the world. While global products and culture are spread through media channels, local cultures also collaborate and compete with global influences, resulting in hybrid cultural forms. The dynamic interplay between local and global ensures the ongoing relevance of both spheres in an increasingly interconnected world.
The document discusses several factors that affect cultural integration, including technological change, transnational corporations, global media networks, the internet, tourism, migration, and government actions. It provides context around each factor and how it influences the mixing and changing of cultures globally.
CRUCIAL FACTORS IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE.pptxCatherineNolasco3
Cultural globalization is the process by which cultural values, ideas, and experiences spread globally through various factors such as tourism, social media, education, and entertainment. While cultural globalization allows for the spread of ideas and a more cosmopolitan world, it can also weaken local cultures and cause homogeneity if one dominant culture replaces aspects of smaller cultures. Both positive and negative effects on cultures can result from the globalization process.
Globalization and convergence are complex processes that are transforming cultures worldwide. While optimists believe the internet and increased travel can empower communities and increase understanding, pessimists argue it risks homogenizing culture and further marginalizing the poor. Academics note globalization lacks a precise definition and depictions of media imperialism are outdated, as cultural flows now enhance states and transform identities. Rapid changes include the stretching of activities across borders, intensified interconnectedness, and accelerated interactions, with corporations playing a key role in cultural distribution, though their influence may be overstated.
Cultural globalization refers to the spread of cultural practices, values, and ideas across the globe, facilitated by technological advancements, migration, and international trade. Here are some key aspects:
Pros:
1. Cultural exchange and diversity
2. Global connectivity and understanding
3. Access to diverse cultural content (music, art, literature)
4. Economic benefits through cultural tourism and exports
Cons:
1. Cultural homogenization (loss of local cultures)
2. Dominance of Western culture
3. Threats to traditional practices and values
4. Cultural appropriation and exploitation
Examples:
1. Globalization of food (e.g., McDonald's, sushi)
2. Spread of Western music and film
3. International fashion trends
4. Global celebrations (e.g., Halloween, Christmas)
Key players:
1. Media and entertainment industries
2. Multinational corporations
3. International organizations (e.g., UNESCO)
4. Social media platforms
Impact:
1. Changes in consumer behavior and preferences
2. Evolution of local cultures and traditions
3. Increased cultural awareness and understanding
4. Economic impacts on local industries and communities
This document discusses how media has influenced the globalization of culture through five stages of development: oral communication, script, printing press, electronic media, and digital media. It analyzes how different forms of media drive manifestations of global integration and the dynamics between local and global cultural production. Local cultures are not static but rather accommodate and assimilate global cultures due to increased contact through various media like television, radio, and now social media. The outcomes of these cultural interactions and influences are cultural differentialism, convergence, and hybridity as local cultures adapt to global influences while maintaining their own uniqueness.
CROSS CULTURAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT UNIT 1 prof dr kanchan.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
This document discusses globalization and culture. It defines globalization as the increasing interconnectedness between people, companies, and governments worldwide due to advances in transportation, communication, trade, and cultural exchange. Culture is defined as the shared ways of life, beliefs, and institutions passed down through generations. Globalization leads to the spread of cultural ideas and values around the world through media and travel. Key factors that promoted globalization include the digital revolution, increased international trade and business, and financial liberalization.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization and culture. It begins by defining key terms like culture, discussing elements of culture like symbols and practices. It then discusses how globalization impacts culture through concepts like cultural flow, cultural hybridization, and cultural convergence. The document also discusses how media is a key force of globalization, and how media has evolved from traditional to new forms. It discusses issues in media cultures around access, production, representation, and cultural integrity. The document also examines the globalization of religion, technology, and lifestyle. It analyzes how religion, technology, and various lifestyle domains like food, music, and sports have been impacted and transformed through the process of globalization and cultural exchange.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization and culture. It begins by defining key terms like culture, discussing elements of culture like symbols and practices. It then discusses how globalization impacts culture through concepts like cultural flow, cultural hybridization, and cultural convergence. The document also discusses how media plays a role in cultural globalization and changes in media over time from traditional to new media. Specific topics covered include the globalization of religion, technology, and lifestyle. For lifestyle, it examines the globalization of areas like food, music, and sports. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of the relationship between globalization and cultural changes across different domains.
Globalization has influenced religion in several ways:
1. It has flattened cultural differences and eroded local customs and beliefs as it has spread a more secular, capitalist way of life that conflicts with many religious traditions.
2. However, religion has also served as a source of resistance to globalization and provided communities opposing its influence.
3. While globalization initially impacted religion through processes like colonization, religion continues to play an important role in promoting world peace by providing moral teachings that reduce greed, hatred, and conflict.
This document discusses how globalization and advances in technology and transportation have led to increased cultural integration and homogenization around the world. It describes how mainstream Western media like CNN and Hollywood films promote Western ideas and values globally. While globalization allows for more cultural exchange, it also threatens local cultures and languages as developing countries adjust their policies and cultures are eroded. The internet and social media in particular have accelerated this process by facilitating the spread of Western cultural production and connecting people globally in Marshall McLuhan's "global village".
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization including economic, cultural, and political dimensions. It provides information on how globalization has increased interconnectedness between countries through advances in technology, transportation, and communication. It describes how economic globalization has increased international trade and movement of goods, capital, and labor. Cultural globalization has led to the spread of shared cultures and consumption patterns across borders. Political globalization involves the rise of international organizations and global governance networks beyond individual nation-states.
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness between countries through trade, investment, information exchange, and cultural sharing. There are several types of globalization, including economic, political, cultural, technological, and environmental. Economic globalization involves integrating economies through flow of goods, services, and capital internationally. Political globalization is increasing cooperation between governments on political issues. Cultural globalization is the spread of cultural practices, values, and ideas across borders facilitated by technology and travel. Globalization provides economic opportunities and efficiency but also leads to job loss, income inequality, environmental damage, and cultural homogenization.
Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result
Globalization refers to the growing interdependence and integration of economies, societies, and cultures around the world through cross-border trade, technology, communication and migration. It has increased economic opportunities but also harmed some groups. There are four key dimensions of globalization: economic, military, environmental, and social/cultural. Improved transportation and technology have facilitated globalization, as have reduced trade barriers and increased mobility of capital and labor. The impacts of globalization include more efficient markets, increased competition and wealth equality, but also threats like terrorism and job insecurity.
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existence of mangrove areas, mangroves are an ecosystem multifunctional in the Coastal area. However, this
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climate change is the reduction in land area of 1-2 meters per year due to vulnerability in coastal ecosystems,
apart from that, gender inequality is also still a problem in Teluk Buo coastal environment, women's groups have
not been involved in the management stage mangroves, and the problem of poverty because the majority of Teluk
Buo residents are fishermen. This research aims to describe the Teluk Buo Tourism Village Development
program built by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Teluk Kabung in the economic and field sectors
environment to improve the economic level of society and improve coastal life. Method The research used is
descriptive-qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and
documentation. The results of this study show that activity and innovation in the Teluk Buo Tourism Village
Development program carried out by Pokdarwis Teluk Buo has had an economic impact on the Teluk Buo
community. On the other hand, this program making changes to the system for meeting needs, increasing
organizational capabilities, encouraging social cohesion, and creating new things in managing mangrove tourism.
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and maximize their potential, as well as program implementation It is not only felt by the people of Teluk Kabung
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KEYWORDS: Economy; Tourism Village; Tourism Awareness Group; Poverty; Mangroves Learning Center
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Joe Setley on Building and Engaging a Worldwide Boxing Fan Base for Top Rank ...Neil Horowitz
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and we do not even know if we can deal with it without incurring in generalizations. Our intentions, which are much more
modest, refer to documentary research for the understanding and development of Human Intelligence and Artificial
Intelligence and some of their multiple relationships. This article aims to make a comparison between Human Intelligence
and Artificial Intelligence so that it is possible to understand the main aspects in which Human Intelligence differs from
Artificial Intelligence, since the latter originates in computing and how it can be inserted in the individual and organizational
processes of the digital society. In addition, it seeks to highlight the great advances and potential risks of this technology, just
like any other, it can provoke in the "actors" involved in its production, use, legislation (norms and rules in its use) and
create a space for discussion.
KEYWORDS: Human Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence; Intelligent Agents, Information, Disinformation, Digital Society.
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The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Spirituality, And Work Environment on Emp...AJHSSR Journal
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work-life balance, spirituality, work environment influenced the leadership style at the BI Jember Agency, 2)
work-life balance, spirituality, work environment, and leadership style influenced the performance of BI Jember
employees, 3) work- life balance, spirituality and work environment influenced the performance of BI Jember
employees style through supportive leadership as an intervening variable.
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Performance
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satisfaction on the effect of reward, punishment, and organisational climate on employee performance. This type
of research is causal associative with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using the census method with
92 respondents of Bappenda employees of NTB Province. Data analysis techniques using PLS-SEM with Smart
PLS software version 3. The results showed that reward has a significant positive effect on employee
performance and job satisfaction, punishment has a significant negative effect on employee performance and job
satisfaction, organisational climate has a significant positive effect on employee performance but not significant
on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on employee performance. There is an
indirect effect of reward and punishment on employee performance through job satisfaction, as well as an
indirect effect of organisational climate on employee performance through job satisfaction although not
significant. The study recommends giving appropriate rewards and fair punishment to employees, as well as
creating an organisational climate that supports work so as to increase job satisfaction and employee
performance of Bappenda NTB Province.
KEYWORDS:Employee Performance, Reward, Punishment, Organisational Climate, Job Satisfaction.
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2. MEDIA
refers to the communication channels through which we
disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional
messages and other data
CULTURE
can be defines as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and
institutions of a population that are passed down from generation
to generation
DEFINITION OF TERMS
3. GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES
Globalization entails the spread of
various cultures
Globalization also involves the
spread of ideas
Globalization relies on media as
its main conduit for the spread of
global culture and ideas
4. 5 Stages of Development of Media
1. ORAL COMMUNICATION
• Language allowedhumans to communicate
and share information
• Language became the most important tool for
exploring the world and different cultures
• Language help people move and settle down
5. 5 Stages of Development of Media
2. SCRIPTS
• It allowed humans to communicate over a
larger space and for a much longer
duration
• It allowed the permanent codification of
economic, cultural and political practice.
6. 5 Stages of Development of Media
3. PRINTING PRESS
• It allowed thecontinuousproduction,
reproduction andcirculation of print
materials.
7. 5 Stages of Development of Media
4. ELECTRONIC MEDIA
• It includesthetelegraphs,telephone,radio, film
and television.
• Thewide range of thesemedia continueto open
up newperspectiveson economic,political and
cultural processes ofglobalization
8. 5 Stages of Development of Media
5. DIGITAL MEDIA
• Digitized content that can be transmitted over
the internet or computer networks.
• It allows the advertisement of products and
online business transactions.
9. The media have a very important impact on cultural
globalization in two mutually interdependent ways:
1. The media provide an extensive transnationaltransmission of cultural
products and;
2. It contributes to the formation of communicative networks and social
structures
Global media cultures create a continuous cultural exchange, which crucial
aspects such as identity, nationality,religion, behavioral norms and way of life are
continuous questioned and challenged.
10. Various Media drive Various forms of
Global Integration
Various Media
are used for globalizationto work all over the world
Media plays a major role in globalization
Examples:
Television, Internet, Computers etc.
- Considered to have a significant influence in globalization
11. Various Media drive Various forms of
Global Integration
GLOBAL INTEGRATION
the process of increasing the degree of economic and political integration
among countries around the world.
Global integration can involve the processes of product standardization
and technologydevelopment centralization.
12. 3 Factors that have affected the process of
Economic Globalization
1. Improvements in transportation and communication technology have reduced
the cost of transporting goods, services and factors of production and
communicating economically useful knowledge and technology
2. Tastes of individuals and, societies have generally but not universally, favored
taking advantage of the opportunities provided by declining costs of
transportation and communication through increasing economic integration.
13. 3. The character and pace of economic integration have been significantly
influenced by public policies, although it is not always in the direction of increasing
economic integration.
3 Factors that have affected the process of
Economic Globalization
14. Globalization isn’t possible to occur without media.
Electronic media allowedopportunities
to spread all over the world.
Radio and Television is a powerful mass
medium in providing accessible
information for people.
Digital media through phone and computers
allows people to access information
from around the world
15. Global and Local Cultural Products
Global Product
Those products that are marketed internationallyunder the same
brand name, features and specifications across countries.
16. Global and Local Cultural Products
Cultural Products
are goods and services such as arts, architectures, museums etc. that
showcase the history and information of certain which belong to the
country’s cultural heritage.
17. Dynamics of Local and Global Culture
Global flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe than ever
before, especially through non-material digital forms
There are three perspectives on global cultural flows:
These are cultural differentialism, hybridization, and convergence.
18. Three perspectives on global cultural flows:
1. CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM
emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only
superficially affected by global flows.
It also Involves barriers that prevent flows that serve to make cultures
more a line; cultures tend to remain stubbornly different from one another.
19. Three perspectives on global cultural flows:
2. CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION
a process by which a cultural element blends into another culture by
modifying the element to fit cultural norms.
It is actually an integration of local and global cultures.
A key concept is “glocalization” or the interpenetration of the global and
local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas
20. Three perspectives on global cultural flows:
3. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
approach stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization.
Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows, while cultural
imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to
destroy at least parts of another culture