This document discusses mutation breeding to develop disease resistance in crops. It describes how mutations create genetic variability in pathogens, occurring naturally at low rates. Mutation breeding has been used to develop crop varieties with enhanced resistance to various diseases like viruses, bacteria, and some fungi. Examples are given of mutant crop varieties with improved resistance developed through induced mutagenesis, including chickpea and mungbean varieties. The document concludes that mutation breeding and induced mutagenesis are useful tools for improving quantitative and qualitative traits in crops, including developing disease resistance.
The document discusses various ways to create genetic variations in plants, including somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, cybridization, polyploidy induction, anther culture, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Somaclonal variation involves culturing plant cells in vitro, where genetic variations can arise spontaneously. Somatic cell hybridization fuses somatic cells protoplasts using chemicals like polyethylene glycol. Polyploidy induction uses chemicals like colchicine to disrupt cell division and create polyploid plants. Anther culture and doubled haploids allow the direct creation of homozygous lines. Mutagenic agents and chemicals are also used to induce mutations. Overall, the document outlines plant biotechnology techniques
Non Random Mating to change Genetic Equilibrium through Inbreeding in small...GauravRajSinhVaghela
This document discusses random mating and non-random mating in populations. It describes assortative mating where individuals mate with similar partners, and disassortative mating where individuals mate with dissimilar partners. The effects of these on genotype frequencies are explained. The concept of genetic equilibrium is introduced. Inbreeding is discussed for idealized, isolate, and real populations. Formulas are provided for the rate of inbreeding increment under different population structures. Effective population size is also covered as it relates to rates of inbreeding and genetic drift in small populations.
1. Trisomy occurs when there are three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two copies, due to errors during meiosis.
2. Trisomies can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the nature of the extra chromosome. Primary trisomies involve a completely extra homologous chromosome, while secondary trisomies have a chromosome arm duplicated. Tertiary trisomies involve an extra chromosome with segments from two different chromosomes.
3. The first case of a trisomy was observed in jimson weed in 1924, and trisomies can produce variable effects on phenotypes in plants.
This document discusses male sterility in plants. It begins with definitions of male sterility and classifications of sterility systems. Male sterility is characterized by nonfunctional pollen grains while female gametes function normally. It is classified into phenotypic, genotypic, and chemically induced types. Genotypic male sterility includes genetic male sterility (GMS), cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS). CMS is determined by the cytoplasm and is useful for hybrid seed production. The document then discusses various manifestations, history, need for male sterility, and methods for detection, creation, and transfer of male sterility systems. It provides examples of CMS sources and restorer genes in crops
1. Cytoplasmic inheritance involves the transmission of traits controlled by DNA in organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts from the maternal parent alone.
2. Early studies showed that traits like shell coiling in snails are determined by the mother's genes, not the individual's own genes.
3. Sonneborn described the inheritance of cytoplasmic particles called "kappa" in Paramecium and their interaction with nuclear genes.
This document provides an introduction to principles of quantitative genetics. It discusses the history and development of the field, beginning with Mendel's foundational work in genetics and Galton's development of statistical techniques. It describes how early geneticists differed in their views of inheritance as qualitative vs quantitative. Key figures who helped establish quantitative genetics are mentioned, including Fisher who integrated Mendelian and statistical approaches. The document outlines differences between Mendelian and polygenic traits. It also discusses types of statistics used in quantitative genetics like first and second degree statistics, as well as biometrical techniques and parameters used in plant breeding like assessment of variability, selection of elite genotypes, choice of parents, and stability analysis.
Balram ppt for quantitative genetics.pptxAnukulSingh16
This document describes a partial diallel mating design used in plant breeding. A partial diallel design involves crossing a subset of genotypes from a group of parental lines, rather than making all possible crosses in a complete diallel. The document provides an example using four parental lines each crossed with two other lines, resulting in six crosses that are evaluated. This allows estimation of genetic parameters like general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCa). Partial diallel designs reduce costs compared to complete diallels while still enabling selection of best parents and study of gene-environment interactions.
This document presents observations from a study on the effects of colchicine (C-mitosis) on cell division (mitosis) in root tip cells of onion (Allium cepa). Key findings include:
1) Colchicine treatment causes a delay in spindle formation and chromosome separation, resulting in chromosomes arranged in a scattered, diakinesis-like manner instead of an equatorial plate.
2) Over time, the chromosome halves coil into spirals then form characteristic X-shaped pairs as the centromeres remain undivided.
3) Eventually the centromeres divide, with daughter chromosomes arranged in parallel pairs. This causes chromosome doubling within each cell.
4)
"Why Hire Selcuk Ozmumcu? Your Project Partner."Selcuk OZMUMCU
The "Why Hire Selcuk Ozmumcu?" presentation is a compelling showcase of my extensive experience and unique qualifications as a design professional. With over 20 years in industrial design and CAD work, I am passionate about creating innovative and functional products that resonate with users. This presentation emphasizes my commitment to human-centered design principles and the application of design thinking methodologies to ensure that every project addresses real user needs.
Structured for engagement, the presentation begins with my innovative design approach, highlighting how I leverage creativity and originality to deliver tailored solutions. It showcases my versatile skill set, which spans diverse industries, including aerospace, automotive, and brand identity. This breadth of expertise enables me to adapt to various project requirements and effectively tackle diverse challenges.
A key focus of the presentation is my proven leadership abilities, drawn from my experience as the former Vice President of Design & Engineering. I emphasize my dedication to fostering collaboration and innovation within teams, as well as my commitment to mentoring the next generation of designers. This aspect not only highlights my leadership skills but also my investment in the growth and development of team members.
Additionally, I discuss my commitment to quality, illustrating how I integrate a thorough understanding of manufacturing considerations and parametric design techniques to optimize production efficiency without compromising on quality. My approach ensures that every project is executed with precision and attention to detail, providing clients with confidence in the outcomes.
The presentation also emphasizes my global expertise, showcasing my ability to collaborate with clients across various industries and regions. My academic background, which includes a full scholarship in Industrial Design and an MBA, has further enhanced my communication and leadership abilities, allowing me to effectively engage with diverse stakeholders. I am adept at navigating cultural nuances and adapting design practices to meet local needs, ensuring that my solutions are relevant and impactful.
Overall, this presentation serves as a powerful tool to demonstrate why I am the ideal partner for any design project. By combining creativity, technical proficiency, and a collaborative spirit, I am dedicated to achieving exceptional results that align with your vision and objectives. Join me in exploring how my skills and experience can contribute to your next project.
Revolutionizing architecture: how 3D printing simplifies model makingarc3dprintingdubai
Making architectural models with 3D printing, which is also called additive manufacturing, has changed the way different industries work and architecture is one of them. This technology makes it easier to make detailed and precise architectural models. It provides many advantages compared to traditional methods.
Content marketing is a pivotal aspect of digital marketing that focuses on creating, publishing, and distributing valuable content to attract and engage a target audience. Unlike traditional advertising, content marketing aims to build a lasting relationship with potential customers by providing them with useful and relevant information.