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Comparision of Digital and Electronic SIGNATURES.pptx

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Dr. Kannan Kunnathully
Dr. Kannan Kunnathully

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DIGITAL SIGNATURE and ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE DR. KANNAN KUNNATHULLY
DIGITAL SIGNATURE  Section 2 (1) (p) ―digital signature‖ means authentication of any electronic record by a subscriber by means of an electronic method or procedure in accordance with the provisions of section 3; (IT Act.2000)  Subscriber use it for authentication of electronic record  By using an electronic method or  Procedure as mentioned under section 3 of the Act.
ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE  Section 2 (1) (ta) ―electronic signature‖ means authentication of any electronic record by a subscriber by means of the electronic technique specified in the Second Schedule and includes digital signature; (IT Act.2000)  Authentication of electronic record by a subscriber.  By electronic techniques mentioned in second schedule  It included digital signature also.
Reliable Electronic signature  Section 3 A (2) (a to e) specifically mentions what are reliable electronic signature  If the signatures are linked to the signatory or authenticator, they are considered reliable.  If the signatures are under the control of the signatory at the time of signing.  Any alteration to such a signature must be detectable after fixation or alteration.  The alteration done to any information which is authenticated by the signature must be detectable.  It must also fulfill any other conditions as specified by the Central Government.

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The document discusses India's Information Technology Act of 2000. It was enacted to provide legal recognition for electronic commerce and transactions. Some key points: - The Act recognizes electronic documents and digital signatures authenticated through asymmetric cryptographic techniques. It defines electronic signatures and establishes a framework for digital signature certificates. - It aims to facilitate e-governance and outlines offenses related to illegal access or damage of computer systems, data theft, cyber terrorism, and cyber pornography. - Certifying Authorities are licensed and regulated to issue digital signature certificates according to standards. Various cyber crimes are described along with their sections under the IT Act or IPC.

 
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The document provides an overview of the Information Technology Act 2000 of India. Some key points: - The IT Act was enacted in 2000, making India one of the first 12 countries to adopt cyber laws. It is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on e-commerce. - The objectives of the Act were to provide legal recognition for electronic transactions and facilitate e-governance. It amended several other Indian laws to include electronic records and digital signatures. - The Act applies to cyber offenses committed in India or involving Indian systems. It defines important terms like electronic records, digital signatures, and secure electronic records using cryptography. - Digital signatures use public key infrastructure for verification by relying parties

 
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COMPARISON Digital Signature Electronic signature A digital signature relies on public key infrastructure which authenticates the electronic signature An electronic signature is simply a legally valid electronic replacement of a handwritten signature. Digital signatures carry a user's information along with electronic signatures. Electronic signatures do not contain any authentication attached to them. A digital signature secures a document. An electronic signature verifies the document. Digital signatures are validated by licensed certifying authorities such as eMudhra. Electronic signatures are not validated by licensed certifying authorities. Digital signatures come with encryption standards. Electronic signatures do not come with encryption standards. A digital signature consists of various security features and is less prone to tampering. An electronic signature is less secure and is more vulnerable to tampering. A digital signature acts as an electronic fingerprint that consists of a person's identification. An electronic signature can be a file, image, or symbol attached to a document to give consent for a signature. A digital signature is created via cryptographic algorithms. An electronic signature offers lower security and no cryptographic algorithms are used in creating a simple electronic signature. A digital signature is authenticated using a digital signature certificate. An electronic signature is authenticated using a phone number, SMS, etc.
COMPARISON  An electronic signature includes a digital signature.  This means electronic signature has a broader meaning to include digital signature as well.  Both are used to authenticate an electronic record.  The burden is always on the subscriber to prove that the signature does not belong to him (in the case of conflict).  Presumption is that the signature is genuine unless and until the contrary is proved.
Benefits of Digital signature  Confidentiality  Paperless – reduce environmental impact compared to paper back documents.  Higher security for the responsible people who are vigilant in using it.  Legal compliance – IT Act and the Companies Act demands for Digital signature. (legal validity).  Time Saving – Faster application  Cost saving  Easy application of the digital signature.  Presumption of authentic electronic record.  Efficiency in business  Minimising the white collar crime like fraud.  Trustworthiness for the customers – provide a reasonable solution for cyber security issues.
Draw backs of digital signature  Pair key can be stolen.  Should have gadgets, software and other technology to use it.  Limited to the technology and not scope to adapt to the technological advancement in the future.  Complex process  Less acceptances from the public.  Prone to cyber attack.

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The Information Technology Act 2000 was enacted in India on May 17, 2000 to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and transactions carried out by electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication. The Act is based on a model law adopted by the UN on e-commerce. It aims to facilitate electronic governance and filing of documents. Some key components of the Act include provisions around digital signatures, duties of subscribers, penalties for offences, and protection for network service providers. It also defines important terms related to e-commerce and cyber security.

 
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Purpose of signature  Electronic signature – intends to inform who signed the e content, the procedure to place the signature and the related relevant information to be passed including the contract agreed.  Digital Signature – secure the content of the document and protect sensitive data. Provide a secrecy to the document transferred through the cyber platform
e - filing  The government and its agencies demand for the electronic record to be signed through a procedure specifically mentioned by them. Section 3 of the IT Act 2000.  Used for the purpose of licenses, permit and approval from the government agencies.  Used for the tax purposes filings  Used for the payment and receipt in the electronic form.  For the e contracts. (validating)  For e-court proceedings.  For the purpose of electronic ID, Passport or travel document, Visa and other similar records and data
Tampering  The offences are defined to deter the tampering of signature.  Identity theft – unauthorised used of signature of other person – punishable with fine and imprisonment for 3 years  Misrepresentation by misuse of signature – 2 year imprisonment and fine  Publication of or providing false electronic signature certificate – punishable for 2 years and fine.
Key words  Pair key (Private key + Public key)  Public key  Private key  Asymmetric crypto system  Hash function  Encoded and decoded  Click wrap (I accept, I agree).  Shrink wrap  Browse wrap  Digital Signature Certificate. (section 23 of the rules, 2000)  Electronic Data Interchange  Personal Identification Number (PIN)  Wrapping Attacks - https://www.wati.com/the-silent-assassins-understanding- signature-wrapping-attacks/
Reference book  Cyber Laws, Justice Yatindra Singh, 6th edition, Universal publications (LexisNexis). page 8 – 12,  Information Technology Act, 2000.  The Information Technology (certifying authorities) Rules. 2000.
Video references  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiYuA8fh-Gk  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmA2QWSLSPg&t=6s  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBuEzsucgPk  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJuN7xScPfU
E references  https://blog.ipleaders.in/digital-electronic-signature/  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/electronic- signature-89086966/89086966  https://secops.group/xml-signature-wrapping/  https://blog.ipleaders.in/e-contracts-shrink-wrap- click-wrap-browse-wrap-agreements/  https://www.securedsigning.com/blog/the-pros-and- cons-of-digital-signatures/  https://www.expertbells.com/blog-detail/top-10- benefits-of-digital-signature-certificate  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/esignature-vs- digital-signature/47955577#10
THANK YOU

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Comparision of Digital and Electronic SIGNATURES.pptx